Does India need U.S. help to build a California-style higher-education system?

India has a case for testing a system connecting community colleges, teaching universities, and research universities. A 30-million-place scenario implies about US$296 billion to establish capacity, US$46 billion annually at maturity, and US$760 billion over a phased twenty-year rollout. These are illustrative resource estimates. American help is not established as necessary; specific partnerships should be judged by their additional value relative to the strongest feasible alternatives.